OS File/Directory Methods in Python 3
The os module provides a big range of useful methods to manipulate files and
directories.Most of the useful methods are listed here:
S.No
|
Methods
|
Description
|
1
|
Use the real uid/gid to test for access to
path.
|
|
2
|
os.chdir(path)
|
Change the current working directory to
path.
|
3
|
os.chflags(path, flags)
|
Set the flags of path to the numeric flags.
|
4
|
os.chmod(path, mode)
|
Change the mode of path to the numeric mode.
|
5
|
os.chown(path, uid, gid)
|
Change the owner and group id of path to the
numeric uid and gid.
|
6
|
os.chroot(path)
|
Change the root directory of the current
process to path.
|
7
|
os.close(fd)
|
Close file descriptor fd.
|
8
|
os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)
|
Close all file descriptors from fd_low
(inclusive) to fd_high (exclusive), ignoring errors.
|
9
|
os.dup(fd)
|
Return a duplicate of file descriptor fd.
|
10
|
os.dup2(fd, fd2)
|
Duplicate file descriptor fd to fd2, closing
the latter first if necessary.
|
11
|
os.fchdir(fd)
|
Change the current working directory to the
directory represented by the file descriptor fd.
|
12
|
os.fchmod(fd, mode)
|
Change the mode of the file given by fd to
the numeric mode.
|
13
|
os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)
|
Change the owner and group id of the file
given by fd to the numeric uid and gid.
|
14
|
os.fdatasync(fd)
|
Force write of file with filedescriptor fd
to disk.
|
15
|
os.fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]])
|
Return an open file object connected to the
file descriptor fd.
|
16
|
os.fpathconf(fd, name)
|
Return system configuration information
relevant to an open file. name specifies the configuration value to retrieve.
|
17
|
os.fstat(fd)
|
Return status for file descriptor fd, like
stat().
|
18
|
os.fstatvfs(fd)
|
Return information about the filesystem
containing the file associated with file descriptor fd, like statvfs().
|
19
|
os.fsync(fd)
|
Force write of file with filedescriptor fd
to disk.
|
20
|
os.ftruncate(fd, length)
|
Truncate the file corresponding to file
descriptor fd,so that it is at most length bytes in size.
|
21
|
os.getcwd()
|
Return a string representing the working
directory.
|
22
|
os.getcwdu()
|
Return a Unicode object representing the
current working directory.
|
23
|
os.isatty(fd)
|
Return True if the file descriptor fd is
open and connected to a tty(-like) device, else False.
|
24
|
os.lchflags(path, flags)
|
Set the flags of path to the numeric flags,
like chflags(), but do not follow symbolic links.
|
25
|
os.lchmod(path, mode)
|
Change the mode of path to the numeric mode.
|
26
|
os.lchown(path, uid, gid)
|
Change the owner and group id of path to the
numeric uid and gid. This function will not follow symbolic links.
|
27
|
os.link(src, dst)
|
Create a hard link pointing to src named
dst.
|
28
|
os.listdir(path)
|
Return a list containing the names of the
entries in the directory given by path.
|
29
|
os.lseek(fd, pos, how)
|
Set the current position of file descriptor
fd to position pos, modified by how.
|
30
|
os.lstat(path)
|
Like stat(), but do not follow symbolic
links.
|
31
|
os.major(device)
|
Extract the device major number from a raw
device number.
|
32
|
os.makedev(major, minor)
|
Compose a raw device number from the major
and minor device numbers.
|
33
|
os.makedirs(path[, mode])
|
Recursive directory creation function.
|
34
|
os.minor(device)
|
Extract the device minor number from a raw
device number.
|
35
|
os.mkdir(path[, mode])
|
Create a directory named path with numeric
mode.
|
36
|
os.mkfifo(path[, mode])
|
Create a FIFO (a named pipe) named path with
numeric mode. The default mode is 0666 (octal).
|
37
|
os.mknod(filename[, mode=0600, device])
|
Create a filesystem node (file, device
special file or named pipe) named filename.
|
38
|
os.open(file, flags[, mode])
|
Open the file file and set various flags
according to flags and possibly its mode according to mode.
|
39
|
os.openpty()
|
Open a new pseudo-terminal pair. Return a
pair of file descriptors (master, slave) for the pty and the tty,
respectively.
|
40
|
os.pathconf(path, name)
|
Return system configuration information
relevant to a named file.
|
41
|
os.pipe()
|
Create a pipe. Return a pair of file
descriptors (r, w) usable for reading and writing, respectively.
|
42
|
os.popen(command[, mode[, buffsize]])
|
Open a pipe to or from command.
|
43
|
os.read(fd, n)
|
Read at most n bytes from file descriptor
fd. Return a string containing the bytes read. If the end of the file
referred to by fd has been reached, an empty string is returned.
|
44
|
os.readlink(path)
|
Return a string representing the path to
which the symbolic link points.
|
45
|
os.remove(path)
|
Remove the file path.
|
46
|
os.removedirs(path)
|
Remove directories recursively.
|
47
|
os.rename(src,
dst)
|
Rename the file or directory src to dst.
|
48
|
os.renames(old,
new)
|
Recursive directory or file renaming function.
|
49
|
os.rmdir(path)
|
Remove the directory path
|
50
|
os.stat(path)
|
Perform a stat system call on the given
path.
|
51
|
os.stat_float_times([newvalue])
|
Determine whether stat_result represents
time stamps as float objects.
|
52
|
os.statvfs(path)
|
Perform a statvfs system call on the given
path.
|
53
|
os.symlink(src,
dst)
|
Create a symbolic link pointing to src named
dst.
|
54
|
os.tcgetpgrp(fd)
|
Return the process group associated with the
terminal given by fd (an open file descriptor as returned by open()).
|
55
|
os.tcsetpgrp(fd,
pg)
|
Set the process group associated with the
terminal given by fd (an open file descriptor as returned by open()) to pg.
|
56
|
os.tempname([dir[,
prefix]])
|
Return a unique path name that is reasonable
for creating a temporary file.
|
57
|
os.tmpfile()
|
Return a new file object opened in update
mode (w+b).
|
58
|
os.tmpnam()
|
Return a unique path name that is reasonable
for creating a temporary file.
|
59
|
os.ttyname(fd)
|
Return a string which specifies the terminal
device associated with file descriptor fd. If fd is not associated with a
terminal device, an exception is raised.
|
60
|
os.unlink(path)
|
Remove the file path.
|
61
|
os.utime(path,
times)
|
Set the access and modified times of the
file specified by path.
|
62
|
os.walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks =False]]])
|
Generate the file names in a directory tree
by walking the tree either top-down or bottom-up.
|
63
|
os.write(fd,
str)
|
Write the string str to file descriptor fd. Return
the number of bytes actually written.
|
